To work

adminonJanuary 19, 2022January 5, 2022Leave a Comment

Francis at opening service of synod © Cristian Gennari

Synod opens in St. Peter's Basilica © Giuseppe Lami

At the Vatican, the Synod of Bishops on Marriage and the Family has begun its deliberations. Some 270 bishops, cardinals and religious superiors gathered Monday morning for their first session in the synod auditorium.

Pope Francis, in his brief opening address, warned participants not to confuse the synod with a parliament. It is not a matter of building consensus through negotiation, but of opening up to the work of the Holy Spirit, he said. He called the synod fathers to "apostolic courage, Gospel humility and trusting prayer".

Sunday's opening service

The synod participants entered St. Peter's Basilica with serious faces on Sunday. And in the invocation of the saints for their assistance, many a cardinal and bishop was probably even more fervent than usual in the matter at hand. That's because Pope Francis opened what is likely to be the most-watched assembly of bishops since the Second Vatican Council 50 years ago with a church service: The Synod of Bishops on Marriage and the Family. For three weeks, about 270 bishops from all over the world are debating in the Vatican; on the agenda are also hot ies such as the church's treatment of remarried divorcees and homosexuals. The synod is seen by many as a gauge of the church's ability to reform. There were heated debates in the run-up.

Appeal for mercy

The pope opened the bishops' meeting with an appeal for mercy and a commitment to the indissolubility of marriage. In doing so, he echoed the expectations of reformist forces, but at the same time strengthened those who see changes in Church moral teaching as a threat to the indissolubility of marriage. The Gospel of the day offered a perfect opportunity to do so. It was Jesus' words about marriage: "What God has joined together, let no man put asunder."

This sentence plays a big role in the debate about the admission of remarried divorcees to communion, which is not allowed so far. The Synod of Bishops should explore the possibility of opening up this ie. The opponents justify their negative attitude not least with this biblical quotation. Advocates of allowing marriage on a case-by-case basis argue that Jesus did not mean to establish a universal principle of law.

Pope avoids taking sides

The pope does not address the theological controversy in his homily. The goal of marriage, they said, is not just to live together forever, "but to love one another forever". Jesus' word on indissolubility is a call to overcome "every form of individualism and legalism," the pope said. Behind such attitudes lies a "petty egoism" and a fear of accepting the real meaning of the couple and human sexuality in God's plan. With this, the pope skillfully avoids any partisanship.

Already on Saturday, Francis had given the first guidelines for the Synod of Bishops during a prayer vigil in St. Peter's Square. "The criterion for the interpretation of everything" must always be Jesus, he said. Pope urged compassion and warned against being "unnecessarily strict". He called on the participants of the synod to engage in dialogue. They must be able to "listen and exchange with each other".

The synod members have more time for intensive discussion than ever before. Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri, the secretary general of the synod, said Friday that the debates would be held more extensively in small groups than in the past. Here's how the synod should become more "dynamic," he said. The speaking time in the plenary session is limited to three minutes; there are no time restrictions for the small groups.

Outing in the run-up

Homosexuality has recently been the main topic in the media. First, the African Cardinal of the Curia, Robert Sarah, made headlines when he declared that same-sex couples were a "step backward for civilization". The debate was further fueled by a video showing the pope embracing a homosexual couple in Washington. The Vatican denied speculation that Francis had wanted to send a church-political signal with it. The highlight on Saturday was the outing of a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith as a homosexual in a much-publicized newspaper interview.

According to the working paper, this synod should not be about homosexual couples at all, but above all about how to deal with homosexuals in the families concerned. On this Monday, the beginning of the official deliberations, the analysis of the situation of the family is then also in the 21. Century in the foreground. And from a Catholic point of view, "rainbow families" with homosexual parents are not part of this.

Photo: bruce shippee – fotolia.Com

A high quality automatic watch is a desire that sooner or later appears in the life of every man. If possible, then also as a luxury watch, if the budget allows it. Most of the time at this point is not even determined which brand it should be. Other characteristics are not yet defined. Diver watch or pilot watch. Three hand or chrono. The question of the bracelet must still be clarified, but one thing is certain. It must be an automatic. Where does the popularity, popularity and also the desire for automatic watches come from, what is an automatic at all and what do I need to know if I also have this desire.

Overview

What is an automatic watch and how does it work??

Photo: depositphotos.Com – pvstory

An automatic watch is a mechanical wristwatch in which the mainspring is automatically wound by a rotor when the wearer moves his arm. The rotor inside the watch is on the one hand attracted by gravity, on the other hand, due to its inertia, it exerts a torque on the winding mechanism when the watch moves. This tensions the mainspring. The spring refers to a kind of sliding mechanism that prevents overwinding. If the mainspring has already reached full wind, the mechanism slips and does not wind any further.

Even in space, in the absence of gravity, the winding mechanism works solely due to the inertia of the rotor.

In simple terms, the wearer of the wristwatch does not have to wind the watch manually.

When and by whom was the automatic watch invented??

The invention made around 1755 is attributed to abraham-louis perrelet (https://de.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/automatic watch), it was a bidirectional winding for pocket watches. About 3 years later, however, hubert sarton had also developed a pocket watch with automatic winding, and almost at the same time breguet produced a precursor of the automatic winding we know today, which he called perpetuelle.

Why an automatic watch?

But why does the desire for an automatic arise?? Is there nevertheless with the quarzuhr or. The wristwatch with manual winding alternatives that also have their merits.

Quartz watch:

High accuracy
Less sensitive to shocks
Lower purchase price
Longer revision intervals

Manual winding

flatter construction, because no rotor is necessary
Uncomplicated (wind up, set the time, done)
Better view of the movement
Several centuries of tradition
Ritual of winding

Nevertheless, because of its more complex mechanics and sophisticated technology, the automatic watch has a strong attraction, especially for men. Only the knowledge of the complicated processes of the gears and parts inside the watch is enough to give preference to this type of watch.

But there are also rational reasons for buying an automatic watch. There is no need to wind the watch every morning. With enough movement during the day, the watch should have wound itself up enough to keep running through the night. But also eliminates the need to set the time and date. Because the watch runs through, these values are preserved.

The wristwatch with automatic also has a greater accuracy than those with manual winding. If the tension of the spring decreases, there is an inaccuracy in the running of the gear train. If the watch is always fully wound, the forces will remain stable and the rate of the watch will be more even.

When to set the time, when to set the date?

The time can be easily set at any time. It should be noted, however, that for a watch with calendar function, the time must not be set more than 24 hours backwards, because otherwise the date function could be damaged. In addition, the date should not be adjusted between 8 p.m. and 3 a.m. During this period, the date is changed and if the date is changed during this period, the date function could be damaged.

When is the time for a revision?

A mechanical watch has a movement in which many small parts are constantly moving. Therefore, it is also logical that wear occurs here. The oils used in the movement can volatilize or gum up, although this has been reduced to a minimum with the oils used in the meantime.

An automatic watch therefore needs a revision from time to time. In this case, the movement is removed, disassembled, checked and cleaned. Defective or worn parts are replaced, the movement is reassembled and freshly oiled. Only then can the watch be worn again with confidence.

How long this interval is, depends on the manufacturer or the number of stones used. This depends on the manufacturer of the caliber used and is also specified by the manufacturer. As a rule, an automatic watch should be serviced every 5-7 years.

What to do when the watch stops?

In spite of the greatest care, a wristwatch with an automatic movement may stop. This is no reason to panic. Mostly the power reserve is simply used up and the watch needs movement, so that the rotor can wind the spring again.

Especially in an office job, the hand may not move enough to get the rotor to wind the watch. Moving the mouse is usually not enough, it needs something more. In addition, one usually takes the clock off at night and it lies still again for several hours.

In such cases, it can help to purchase a watch winder, which moves the watch overnight and ensures full winding and a large power reserve. Then this should also run through the day.

If the watch still stops, a visit to the watchmaker will clarify the situation.

What to say about the accuracy

The self-winding mechanism contributes to the accuracy of the watch because the spring in the watch is always evenly tensioned. It therefore runs more evenly and accurately than a hand-wound watch. However, everyone must be aware that it is a mechanical watch and it will never match the accuracy of a quartz watch.

Even very high quality movements have an inaccuracy of a few seconds per day, whether in the minus or the plus.

For the buyer and wearer, however, the accuracy of these wristwatches plays only a very subordinate role. The important thing is a beautiful and high quality appearance, which shows excellent workmanship.

Why do you often read about stones?

In the movement of a mechanical watch, jewels are used as bearings or cap jewels (https://www).Watch instinct.De/magazine/lagersteine-im-uhrwerk/). Mostly rubies are used, which reduce the friction and wear of this bearing due to their hardness.

The number of stones used is not a quality factor, but only says something about the complexity of the clock. More jewels, more bearings, as a more complex movement.

May I also wind such watches

The biggest advantage of automatic watches is that you don’t have to wind them up, because the rotor inside the watch does it for you. Now there are nevertheless cases, in which this question arises. If you have not worn the watch for a while, or it has stopped because of too little movement.

Here is now to distinguish whether the watch has a manual winding at all. If this is the case, the watch can be "started" by turning the crown a few times. How far you should or may wind the watch, is not specified. Overwinding the watch is basically impossible because of the slipping construction of the mainspring.

But there are also automatic wristwatches, which do not have a manual winding system. Like the 7sxx movements from the seiko company. Here you have to shake the watch. To do this, you take the watch in your hand and try to drive the rotor by making circular motions. With most watches, you can tell right away if the rotor is moving. After a few movements the movement should start to run. Now you can set the time and put the watch on your wrist.

What is the power reserve?

In connection with automatic watches one reads again and again of the power reserve. This is the period of time that the watch continues to run when it is fully wound, until the spring is completely released and the watch therefore stops. Provided, of course, that the watch is no longer moved.

There are also models, which exactly this power reserve also show. In this way, the wearer is always informed of how much time is left before the wristwatch is in danger of stopping.

why do some automatic watches have a glass back?

The glass back is not a unique feature of the automatic, that much in advance. Even hand-wound watches sometimes have glass backs. The sense behind this is the view of the movement resp. On the moving rotor of the automatic.

Often the rotor and sometimes the entire movement is decorated and refined, so that the view through the glass bottom can also be enjoyed. So sometimes small works of art are created.

Conclusion

Although the automatic wristwatch is usually more accurate than a hand-wound watch, it is still not as accurate as a quartz watch. If you wear the watch regularly, you do not need to wind it up. the wearer is primarily concerned with the sophisticated mechanics that operate inside the watch.

Christian social teaching could be the key to addressing many of the world's problems. This is what Jesuit priest Jorg Alt says. In his book "Handelt!"he appeals to Christians and churches to take responsibility.

Interviewer: In their book "Handelt!" as main problems in this world for example technical innovations and the artificial intelligence. Is that more of a curse than a blessing?

Jorg Alt (Jesuit priest and social scientist): Everything has its pros and cons. But right now – especially with the prere of resource overuse that we have – I see a danger that we think more quickly and more positively about technical innovation than would be appropriate. In the case of genetic engineering in particular, things are often introduced and approved without thorough consideration of the consequences and effects.

Or if we look into the military field, where drones are now taking over more tasks than human soldiers. How can a drone really reliably decide whether the person it is flying toward is an enemy or a civilian? Because the drone can only think in categories of zero and one and doesn't have this possibility of intuition, which a human being just has. It will be another 10, 20 years before a computer gets to the point where something comparable to intuition is created.

Another example: social media and all the data we place on the internet. By now it is well known how states and private companies use this to manipulate our election decisions in democracy. I see great dangers here, which must not be forgotten – even if we have to use all the advantages to be able to save the world.

Interviewer: They also criticize capitalism in the world. But many financial laws were tightened after the financial crisis 13 years ago. Four years ago, the Panama Papers became public. According to the coalition agreement, the German government still wants to introduce the financial transaction tax. Hasn't something already changed for the better??

Alt: Not really. The financial lobby has so far been able to prevent real improvements. I only mention the separation banking system – i.e. that one wanted to separate the commercial banks for companies and private customers from the speculative investment banking system. This was repealed in the U.S., and in the EU and Germany it was not even properly introduced.

As far as the financial transaction tax is concerned, the idea that is currently being introduced is not a tax against financial speculation and financial products, but on shares – in other words, a tax that would hit the real economy. And that is exactly what we did not want.

They call the Panama Papers. The offshore system still exists. And capital holders can use this offshore system with tax havens and shell companies to blackmail states. If a big investor goes to a government and says: "If you don't give me such and such concessions, I'll go somewhere else", he still gets what he wants. This shows that capital is still in charge in today's world and not democracy and governments.

Interviewer: You say that Christian social teaching is the key to the problems of this world. Explain briefly.

Jorg Alt: It can be a key. There are many, but: Yes, I am convinced of it. In the current system of neoliberalism, the free and unregulated market and competition are the determining factors. Accordingly, capital profit takes precedence over social and ecological criteria.

In the face of the crisis we have at the moment, we need to clearly recall that there was also a time before neoliberalism. Catholic social teaching in particular has, after all, had a positive effect on a social system that we still know from the old West Germany. The social market economy we had in Germany, for example, led to an unprecedented equal distribution of wealth. The current system, on the other hand, throws profits upwards, while at the bottom nothing arrives or the distribution stagnates.

If we call to mind that a society can also be organized according to other criteria – and the techniques for this exist – then we would simply still have to consider: What criteria do we want for our world?? I would simply say that it is not capital and profits that should count, but the common good of all.

As the refugee movement shows, in today's globalized world, the common good can no longer be understood only regionally or nationally, but must be thought of globally. Because, what we miss in other parts of the world, it reflects back on us.

Interviewer: In your book you also express your visions of a modern church. They let women preach, release Amazon priests from celibacy, ordain married men as priests. Do you really want that? Or do they want to provoke?

Alt: Thought: What could a church look like in today's world that, on the one hand, takes modern developments into account, but on the other hand does not endanger unity as a global actor? I believe very well that we have to cut off some things that belong to tradition and not to the Holy Scriptures, that we have to cut off these braids finally.

I've been in Latin America for a long time, and I know a little bit about Africa, too. I certainly believe that celibacy could be made optional worldwide, or that women could be ordained as deacons or elevated to cardinals as a matter of course. I don't think that would divide the church.

I see problems with same-sex living arrangements, for example. I don't think people in other cultures would be that far yet. And I also believe that women could not yet be appointed as priests or bishops. But we could simply cut off a lot of problems and then go back to the real problems of the world that need our attention.

The interview was conducted by Tobias Fricke.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply